STRATEGIC RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PLAN USING
PARTICIPARTORY RURAL APPRAISAL
FOR
TEHSIL SUMBAL SONAWARI (BANDIPORA)
FROM
19th – 28th, JUNE 2008.
I. INTRODUCTION
Sumbal Sonawari can be among the list of Tehsil of district Bandipora erstwhile section Baramulla Kashmir. Sumbal can be found 34013’ N and also 74037’ E with a typical altitude connected with 5178 feet (1578.25 meter) over indicate seashore level. The District Bandipora is usually having 3 Tehsils viz. Bandiopa, Gurez and Sumbal Sonawari which includes a overall populace of 306511 persons comprising of 158754 adult men and 147757 females. Out from the whole human population from the area Bandipora that tehsil Sumbal Sonawari is having society associated with 149013 person's composed of 76411 adult males plus 72602 females. The center Bandipora involves 53 Panchyat halqas using 200 villages out of which usually twelve Panchayat Halqas regarding 51 villages show up around Block Sumbal connected with tehsil Sonawari.
The Bandipora district is usually ornamented by means of Kupwara inside West, Baramulla in the South, Kargil, Srinagar in addition to Ganderbal inside East plus LoC while in the North. The region has acute cold climate inside winter months and a enjoyable temperature within summer. Each a part of that centre experiences snowfall in the course of winter. Road for you to Gurez continues closed in the course of winter due to snowfall. Average 12-monthly rain fall within District Bandipora has been registered seeing that 589 mm having about 82 rainy days.
Tehsil Sumbal Sonwari positioned in that South connected with Bandipora having different topography viz. plains, karewas, hillocks, as well as marshy lands, and water bodies. This kind of topography normally helps make the area liable to avalance also for you to drought conditions. The cultivable areas are fertile mostly rich in clay-based and also silt. The canal Jehlam and also Sindh transferring in the region behaves while most important source of irrigation. At almost all locations water is raised by the knocks out and also distributed through irrigation canals. The large clay articles can make soils pretty shed when moist and pretty hard when dry.
The neighborhood women plus park youths have been typically determined involved yourself with manufacturing with handicrafts for instance new carpet making, shawl making, embroidery etc. as well as just about each residence was creating a floor covering weaving unit.The people largely remain in reduced cash flow groupings so are financially backward. The situation gets to be more aggravated due to help reduced productivity, unemployment/ underemployment, don't have any with transmission and also basic facilities like knowledge and health. Majority on the individuals have problems with malnutrition and also under eating plan along with the worst hit team is usually babies along with women. The risk for you to wellbeing dangers will be apprehended because of poor hygienic conditions, hazardous sipping waters amenities etc.
To alleviate poverty from the area Govt. Departments, Institutions, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and allied agencies will work challenging to add to your creation as well as productivity, crank out employment as well as improve this living problems by means of their progammes and activities. It is within this specific connection, that particular these NGO namely Indo Global Social Service Society (IGSSS) approached towards the University through Directorate of Extension Education to get establishing SREP and doing involving will need dependent trainings on agriculture as well as allied fields. The NGO has been busy around business associated with Self Help Groups (SHGs) one of the women men and women of the area pertaining to minuscule higher education facilities and eventually females empowerment.
Director Extension Education/ SMAETI, Prof. G.M. Wani appreciatandmediately constituted a staff associated with experts/ researchers from this Directorate to hold that assignment systematically applying Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) technique out of 19th June 2008 in order to 28th June 2008 while in the previously identified villages of the IGSSS. The total work was maintained in addition to practiced well in a mission style technique in the planned time frame through the active coordination and also participation of the industry experts along with the NGO personnel.
II.METHODOLOGY
In arrangement to arrange Strategic Research Extension Plan (SREP) for the community viz Sumbal Sonawari in the ideal period agenda PRA strategy appeared to be employed to gather the tendencies on the villagers. This incorporated employing of pre-tested interview schedules, relationships meetings, transect-walks, participatory observation methods, village and also residence visits plus debate etc. within a nicely designed way from 19th June 2008 to 28th June 2008 while in the selected villages.
The crew deputed for your purpose a list associated with scientists/ industry experts from Extension Education, Agronomy, Soil Science, Plant defense and also Olericulture with the Directorate along with SKUAST-K divisions. The company ended up being likewise served simply by State Coordinator in addition to Project Supervisors with IGSSS throughout introduction associated with do it yourself guide groupings and villagers at substantial and good food for any team. The PRA had been performed inside a scientific manner as a result of remark involving following steps:
Preparation regarding meet with plan and also its use
After pre-testing and more accomplishment connected with your schedule, the actual PRA had been excellently conducted.Rapport building
In obtain in order to use a short plan concerning the hamlet resources, ecology, demands associated with farming local community as well as options etc. ahead of create a plan regarding PRA, the crew left for the actual business office involving IGSSS during Inderkot town regarding Sumbal Sonawari. Immediately once a great conversation conference having the scientists, officials regarding IGSSS and farmers belonging to the locality especially girls do it yourself assist groups a few information seemed to be gathered to the preceding aspects.
This interaction meeting ended up being furthermore valuable in view that approach associated with work inside identified villages to get PRA. In every village, farmers/ plantation ladies along with youths collected within this core sites with the communities and were taken in to be able to confidence through informal discussions.
The final result associated with the 1st relationship achieving appeared to be these that it eased that rapport setting up inside discovered villages over the actively playing of individuals songs, idioms, proverbs and prayers etc. In the actual starting point some ideas associated with their program operates ended up floated and changed through which their best negotiations diverted them toward the particular farming in addition to allied issues even more improvement.
Identification associated with Villages for PRA
The villages diagnosed through the IGSSS were selected when representative areas to arrange SREP with the Sumbal tehsil and appropriately PRA has been carried out in them. In the following way, the towns pertaining to PRA ended up Inderkot, Ganastan, Gund Ibrahim and Tregam associated with Sumbal Sonawari tehsil. Since your tehsil reduces with temperate agro climatic zone along with every one of the decided on villages have nearly uniform Agro Eco Situations (AES). The picked communities exclusively change for you to your extent involving various difficulties plus facilities.
Transect Walks
Each determined village seemed to be visited down to program and also initial palm more knowledge about your topography, location, natural resources, demography, cropping patterns, vegetation, livestock and allied socio-economic routines were collected throughout the using job interview schedule in addition to village transect walks. These strolls have been made welcome through the villagers and they also loved for you to talk about their tips along with things with the scientists/ experts.
Mappings
At the finish of every transect walk and also conversation conference while in the determined villages, the farmers were being inquired to draw the particular resource map in their communities on attracting sheets. This exercise had been extremely innovative as well as enjoyable for that villagers as well as for that some other participants.
Wealth Ranking
Wealth ranking ended up being performed by lead and indirect questioning from the villagers/farmers around the base associated with yucky income/month/household with no suffering their sentiments. In each one village the farmers/villagers had been classified as Low, Medium and High salary class farmers. The farmers/ villagers had been lastly defined as resource and useful resource rich. The selection of learning resource terrible villagers is actually exceeding the resource containing more each one village.
Existing Farming Systems
To recognize the particular harvesting systems in each and every village several enterprises viz. expanding connected with crops, fruits, vegetables, parenting associated with cattle, sheep, goat, poultry, sericulture along with farming activities as well as their info currently being followed were assessed as well as identified . These methods slightly vary based on micro degree agro-eco situations.
Gap Analysis
This was accomplished by looking into making comparisons in between this recommended deals along with recent practitioners followed by farmers/villagers. The specific factors for your interruptions have been analysed plus the farmers encouraged that will propose analysis and also extendable methods for filling such gaps. While planning that SREP exclusive interest is paid for park youth along with women of all ages to create career plus income through imparting of trainings around numerous agro-vocations.
III.GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SELECTED VILLAGES AND THEIR SREP
Inderkot Village
Inderkot small town associated with Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil is usually multiply about a space of concerning 150 hectares involving land. More compared to a hundred hectares will be irrigated and other as un-irrigated and rainfed. Water is definitely elevated from the Jehlum through irrigation canals by pump sets. Paddy is actually produced below waters logged illnesses and mainly solo cropping pattern will be followed. Nearly 10 hectares connected with area had been announced under orchards.
Inderkot consists of connected with seven patis (hamlets), specifically Chana-mohalla, Sadat-mohalla, Gunzri-mohalla, Bana-mohalla, Munz-mohalla, Sonabar and Murtazabad. The small town can be having 900 households together with a new people regarding 5500 persons, beyond that 3000 are males and 2500 females. Besides farming, carpet generating is a different supply of income. Almost each and every household is usually having a crossbred cow, 2-3 sheep/goat in addition to 5-6 area chicken birds.
The village can be having 1 central school, 1 primary school, only two EGS, a few SSA as well as 3 Anganwari centers. In addition, two self applied help sets (2 SHGs), specifically Karwane - Zainab in addition to Himayat usually are effective beneath IGSS with their give attention to carpet weaving, needle work, pashmina spinning, cow and/ goat rearing and vegetable growing.
The even more analysis belonging to the files uncovered the following: -
Income Groups
S.No
Income inside Rupees/Month
Level connected with Income Group
No with Households
Percentage of Households
1
Up to be able to 6000
Lower
342
38.00
2
6001-12000
Middle
522
58.00
3
12001 & Above
High
36
04.00
Total
900
100.00
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No with Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
621
69.00
2
Resource Rich
279
31.00
Total
900
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. of households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
571
63.4
2
Horticulture
7
0.8
3
Olericulture
14
1.5
4
Animal Husbandry
338
37.5
5
Sheep Husbandry
309
34.2
6
Poultry Keeping
23
2.5
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
11
1.2
8
Handloom
435
48.3
9
Embroidery
144
16
10
Others
383
42.5
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. of households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Poultry keeping
310
35
2.
Animal Husbandry + Sheep/ Goat + Horticulture
217
24
3.
Sheep/ Goat + Poultry Keeping + Agriculture
301
33
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
72
8.0
Total
900
100
Contribution regarding Various Enterprises
S. No
Name associated with Enterprises
No associated with Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
369
41
2
Sheep Husbandry
171
19
3
Animal Husbandry
108
12
4
Vegetable
27
3
5
Fruits
9
1
6
Poultry Keeping
18
2
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
198
22
Total
900
100
Gund Ibrahim Village
The small town is having one place associated with regarding 160 ha of terrain beyond that 120 ha are generally irrigated along with other since unirrigated as well as rainded. Paddy plus maize will be grown within Kharif as well as Sarson with Rabi in most lands. More compared to 15 ha associated with stretch of land can be used with regard to orchard plus plant cultivation. The whole village is possessing about 275 families which has a total population involving concerning 2500 persons composed of regarding 1500 males and also multitude of females. The principal sources of irrigation are boost irrigation from Sukhnal, Trazpora Nallah and they are furthermore referred to as when Trukulbal.
Resources
Income Groups
S.No
Income in Rupees/Month
Level associated with Income Group
No with Households
Percentage of Households
1
Up for you to 6000
Lower
43
16
2
6001-12000
Middle
215
78
3
12001 & Above
High
17
06
Total
275
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No associated with Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
154
56
2
Resource Rich
121
44
Total
275
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. regarding households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
160
58
2
Horticulture
14
5
3
Olericulture
11
4
4
Animal Husbandry
66
24
5
Sheep Husbandry
83
30
6
Poultry Keeping
28
10
7
Handloom
105
38
8
Embroidery
8
3
9
Services
6
2
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. regarding households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Vegetable + Poultry keeping
127
46
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Animal Husbandry +Agriculture + Poultry keeping
66
24
3.
Animal Husbandry + Agriculture + Horticulture + Poultry
49
18
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
33
12
Total
275
100
Contribution involving Various Enterprises
S. No
Name regarding Enterprises
No with Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
111
40
2
Horticulture
3
1
3
Vegetable
2
1
4
Animal Husbandry
50
18
5
Sheep Husbandry
56
20
6
Poultry Keeping
2
1
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
7
3
8
Handloom (Carpet Making)
44
16
Total
275
100
Ganastan Village
Ganastan village of Sumbal Tehsil is made up of regarding 5 various Paties (hamlets) particularly – Khanpet, Ganastan, Checki, Goonchipora and Rukh mohalla. It is actually possessing about 420 families along with an overall people of 3200 persons, out of which in turn 1920 are males in addition to 1280 females. The commune can be long to help a region of 400 hectares, outside which will three hundred hectares are generally irrigated in addition to hundred hectares since unirrigated and rainfed. About hundred hectares of property is definitely placed less than orchard along with vegetables. Paddy plus maize will be grown up within Kharief as well as wheat, oat in addition to Sarson grown around Rabi.
The village can be supplied with one every large school, Angan Wari Center, article office, ECGS, SSA, Cooperative society, Unani Dispensary in addition to lambs center. The a variety of routines often maintained inside the small town includes growing involving crops, livestock rearing, lambs and goat rearing along with floor covering making etc. two self help categories namely Usman plus Ummar Groups under IGSSS usually are at the moment serving with Sozni work plus wished-for in order to move for agricultural plus various other cost addition activities.
Income Groups
S.No
Income inside Rupees/Month
Level connected with Income Group
No connected with Households
Percentage of Households
1
Up to be able to 6000
Lower
82
19
2
6001-12000
Middle
188
45
3
12001 & Above
High
150
36
Total
420
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No of Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
305
72
2
Resource Rich
115
28
Total
420
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. connected with households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
294
70
2
Horticulture
23
5
3
Olericulture
288
69
4
Animal Husbandry
198
47
5
Sheep Husbandry
201
48
6
Poultry Keeping
150
36
7
Sericulture
48
11
8
Handloom
223
53
9
Embroidery
80
19
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. connected with households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Horticulture + Animal Husbandry
154
36
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Agriculture + Sericulture
130
31
3.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Sheep / Goat + Poultry Keeping
104
25
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
32
8
Total
420
100
Contribution regarding Various Enterprises
S. No
Name associated with Enterprises
No of Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
229
54
2
Horticulture
21
5
3
Olericulture
34
8
4
Animal Husbandry
28
7
5
Sheep Husbandry
43
10
6
Poultry Keeping
12
3
7
Sericulture
12
3
8
Handloom
38
9
Embroidery
3
1
Total
420
100
Tregam Village
Tregam village associated with Tehsil Sonawari consists of Paties (helmets) just like Odina, Malikpora, Mallapora in addition to Parraypora spread above an area regarding related to 15 ha involving land, away from which often 10 ha is irrigated along with relax will be unirrigated plus rainfed. The small town can be having practically 350 homes using a total society associated with 3261 persons. The male and female society claimed is 1655 along with 1605 respectively. The commune is actually provided with four schools, one particular SSA including a veterinary center. The mineral water will be raised with the send sets from Kawasoo appraise plus Badi Numble.
The cultivable location is actually placed underneath paddy, maize, rajmash in addition to fruit and vegetables in kharief as well as peas and also oats in rabi. Only 4 ha involving terrain is within orchards. Livestock populace includes 250 cattle, along with regarding 200 sheep/goat. Almost each residence is owning 5-7 nearby poultry birds. The small town is additionally having one particular poultry farm.
Two self applied guide sets namely Kirmani in addition to Gulshan beneath IGSSS are usually productive intended for several cash flow generating pursuits such as needle work, floor covering weaving as well as goat/ sheep parenting etc. These groups usually are well associated with many development companies in the area. The further analysis discloses while under:
Income Groups
S.No
Income within Rupees/Month
Level with Income Group
No associated with Households
Percentage regarding Households
1
Up to 6000
Lower
60
17
2
6001-12000
Middle
130
37
3
12001 & Above
High
160
46
Total
350
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No involving Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
220
63
2
Resource Rich
130
37
Total
350
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. of households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
220
63
2
Horticulture
55
16
3
Olericulture
58
17
4
Animal Husbandry
38
11
5
Sheep Husbandry
43
12
6
Poultry Keeping
215
61
7
Sericulture
45
13
8
Handloom
80
23
9
Services
10
3
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. regarding households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Horticulture + Poultry Keeping
195
56
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Animal Husbandry + Agriculture + Poultry Keeping
85
24
3.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Sericulture + Poultry Keeping
60
17
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
10
3
Total
350
100
Contribution connected with Various Enterprises
S. No
Name associated with Enterprises
No with Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
148
42
2
Horticulture
8
2
3
Olericulture
22
6
4
Animal Husbandry
32
9
5
Sheep/ Goat Husbandry
44
13
6
Poultry Keeping
14
4
7
Sericulture
10
3
8
Handloom
62
18
Services
10
3
Total
350
100
IV. Selected villages with Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil with a Glance (Facts and figures)
N = 46
1
Age (Yrs)
upto 20
21-35
36-50
51 & above
Total
No./%age
2 (4.3)
10 (21.7)
27 (58.7)
7 (15.2)
46 (100)
2
Education
Illiterate
Primary
Middle
Matric
Graduate & above
Total
No./%age
24 (52.2)
5 (10.9)
9 (19.6)
6 (13.0)
2 (4.3)
46 (100)
3
Family size
upto four affiliates (small)
5-8 members (medium0
9 & previously mentioned (composite)
No./%age
2 (4.3)
23 (50)
21 (45.7)
46 (100)
4
Occupation
Farming
Business
Services
More in comparison with one
Total
No/%age
18(39.1)
4(8.7)
2(4.3)
22(47.8)
46(100)
5
Income(Rs)/ Month /head
Upto 6000(Low)
6001-12000(Medium)
12001 & Above(High)
Total
No/%age
22(47.8)
14(30.5)
10(21.7)
46(100)
6
Land Holding(Size) around Kanals
Upto 5
5.1-10
10.1-15
15.1 & Above
Landless
Total
No/%age
12(26.1)
14(30.4)
11(23.9)
8(17.4)
1(2.2)
46(100)
7
Source with Information (Persons)
Family Member
Relative
Neighbour
Friends
Village Head
Total
No/%age
25(54.3)
6(13.0)
6(13.0)
3(6.5)
6(13.0)
46(100)
(Officers)
VEW
AEO
HDO
NGO
U.Scientists
None
Total
No/%age
14(30.4)
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
9(19.6)
5(10.9)
16(34.8)
46(100)
(Media)
Radio
TV
Radio & TV
Newspapers
All
None
Total
No/%age
7(15.2)
7(15.2)
24(52.2)
2(4.3)
5(10.9)
1(2.2)
46(100)
8
Frequency involving Visits/ Offices
Weekly
Fortnightly
Monthly
Seasonally
Never
Total
Dev. Department.
1(2.2)
3(6.5)
3(6.5)
8(17.4)
31(67.4)
46(100)
ATIC
-
-
2(4.3)
4(8.7)
40(87.0)
46(100)
KVK
-
-
-
1(2.2)
45(97.8)
46(100)
Research Stn.
-
-
-
2(4.3)
44(95.7)
46(100)
Univ. HQ
-
-
-
10(21.7)
36(78.3)
46(100)
9
Adoption of Technology
Paddy Crop
Varieties
Local
Improved
Latest
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
21(45.7)
13(28.3)
7(15.2)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Seed Rate(Kgs/Kanal)
Upto 3
3.1 – 4
4.1 & Above
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
5(10.9)
31(67.4)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Plants/Hill
5-8
More when compared with 8
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
22(47.8)
19(41.3)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Fertilizer Application
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
12(26.1)
26(56.5)
3(6.5)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Plant Protection
Use associated with Weedicides
Use of Fungicide/Insecticide
Use associated with greater than one
None associated with Chemicals
Not Applicable
Total
No/$age
15(32.6)
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
24(52.2)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Yield/Kanal(Qtls.)
Upto 2
2.1-3.5
More as compared with 3.5
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
18(39.1)
14(30.4)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
Natural Proneness
All Types of Problems
None with the Problems
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
8(17.4)
3(6.5)
14(30.4)
3(6.5)
5(10.9)
46(100)
10
Maize Crop
Varieties
Local
Improved
Latest
None
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
3(6.5)
2(4.3)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Seed Rate Kgs/Kanal
Upto 1.5
1.6-3.0
More than 3
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
6(13.0)
5(10.9)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Fertilizer Application
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
5(10.9)
8(17.4)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Plant Protection
Applying insecticide etc.
Not Applying almost any Chemical
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
13(28.3)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Yield/Kanal (Qtls.)
Upto 1
1.1-2.0
More as compared with 2
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
6(13.0)
3(6.5)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
Natural Proneness
None of Problems
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
3(6.5)
4(8.7)
4(8.7)
32(60.6)
46(100)
11
Rabi Crops Grown
Sarson/Mustard
Oats
Wheat
More than one
None with Crops
Total
No/%age
2(4.3)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
9(19.6)
28(60.9)
46(100)
12
Kharif Vegetables Grown
More than One
None
Total
No/%age
39(84.8)
7(15.2)
46(100)
13
Rabi Vegetables Grown
More than One
None
Total
No/%age
35(76.1)
11(23.9)
46(100)
14
Vegetable Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
All Types
None
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
16(34.8)
13(28.3)
12(26.1)
46(100)
15
Fruit Orchard
Apple
Walnut
Mixed
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
2(4.3)
2(4.3)
31(67.4)
46(100)
16
Apple Varieties
Local
Commercial
Mixed
None
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
10(21.7)
2(4.3)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Orchard Age(Yrs.)
upto-5 (New)
5.1-15 (Young)
15.1-30 & More (Old)
None
Total
No/%age
6(13.0)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Training & Pruning
Yes
No
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
7(15.2)
6((13.0)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Fertilizer Applications
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
2(4.3)
7(15.2)
4(8.7)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Apple Problems
Pollination
Diseases/Pests
Fertilizer application
More as compared to one Problem
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
8(17.4)
1(2.2)
3(6.5)
33(71.7)
46(100)
17
Cattle Rearing Breed
Local
Crossbred
Both(L&C)
None
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
18(39.1)
2(4.3)
13(28.3)
46(100)
No/Household
None
Upto 2
More in comparison with 2
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
29(63.0)
4(8.7)
46(100)
Milk Yield/H/D (Litres)
Upto several (Low)
4.1 – 8.0 (Medium)
8.1 – 15.0 (High)
Nil
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
17(37.0)
5(10.9)
15(32.6)
46(100)
Cattle Problem
Feeding
Diseases
Vet.Facilities
None
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
25(54.3)
3(6.5)
15(32.6)
46(100)
18
Sheep/Goat Rearing Breed
Local/Improved
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
35(76.1)
46(100)
No/Household
None
Upto- 2
3 - 6
More compared to 6
Total
No/%age
35(76.1)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
4(8.7)
46(100)
Sheep/Goat Problem
Diseases
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
35(76.1)
46(100)
19
Poultry Keeping Breed
Local
Improved
None
Total
No/%age
36(78.3)
1(2.2)
9(19.6)
46(100)
Birds/Household
None
Upto-2
3-6
More in comparison with 6
Total
No/%age
10(21.7)
3(6.5)
11(23.9)
22(47.8)
46(100)
Poultry Problems
Feeding
Housing
Diseases
None
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
27(58.7)
17(37.0)
46(100)
IV. Gap Analysis and Proposed Extension Training Strategy/ Action Plan for that Representative Villages with Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil
S. No
Enterprise/ Package Item
Existing situation/ problem
Village-wise rank on the circumstance / problem
Recommended programme/ steps strategy for Sumbal Sonawari area
Inderkot
Gundibrahim
Ganastan
Tregam
A. Agriculture (Crops)
1
Paddy cultivation
Growing paddy mostly underneath waterlogged conditions
Severe waterlogged conditions
Less waterlogged
Mild waterlogged
Severe waterlogged
Introduction of Technology pertaining to paddy cultivation in waterlogged region through research and demonstration.
More by using neighborhood and also old cultivars regarding paddy (Nikchina, Safed China, Roosi, China 1007 etc.)
More than one third with place under community and regular varieties
Half belonging to the location within area plus standard varieties
One third involving spot under local as well as standard varieties
Three last community less than area and classic varieties
Replacement regarding paddy options by means of improved along with brand new kinds just like China 1039, K39, Jehlum in addition to Shalimar grain 1, through FLD programme and seedling hamlet progression concept
Paddy location of course vulnerable to drinking water logging strain conditions
Due to defective and also infrequent water submitting system
Due to be able to defective in addition to infrequent water submitting system
Due to be able to defective along with infrequent drinking water syndication system
Due in order to defective and unpredictable waters syndication system
Fair along with only waters submission needs the introduction of water harvesting technologies and more normal water rising areas and canals
Using better seedling charges (more as compared with 60-80 kg /ha)
Two finally with the farmers using larger seed price in comparison with recommended
More as compared with two third farmers utilizing greater seed rate than recommended
Nearly a couple 3 rd player using bigger seed starting price in comparison with recommended
Half from the farmers utilizing bigger seed price as compared to recommended
Awareness teaching shows is a good idea get rid of the seed starting premiums by way of better nursery management
Transplanting technique using much more seedling per mound (Above 8 seedling per hill)
More compared to 1 / 3 farmers making use of on top of eight seedlings per hill
Less as compared to 1 / 3 making use of preceding 8 seedlings per hill
One next using previously mentioned 8 seedling per hill
Two third farmers utilizing earlier mentioned 8-10 plant every hill
Mortality of seedlings must be diminished applying improved seed, suitable seed remedy and procedure for using facilities considering the mud ball.
Fertilizer job application (Use regarding NPK fertilizers)
Nearly 50 percent from the farmers employing every one of the three fertilizers relax are utilising both NP of N only
More than three fourth using incomplete practical application i.e. NP and also N only
Nearly a couple of third farmers using Partial practical application i.e. NP or perhaps N only
Half of the actual farmers utilizing Partial application i.e NP or maybe N only
Awareness cum demonstration with us going for increased seedling and nicely balanced fertilizers by way of FLD as well as OFT programmes
Plant safety measures
More when compared with half of the farmer making use of weedicide along with just several percent utilizing insecticide/ fungicides
More in comparison with 15 percent farmers employing weedicide only
One last in the farmers implementing weedicide and more than 8% are using fungicide
None in the farmers making use of virtually any seed safeguard measure
Conducting with coaching shows based on weed control, fun time management plus paddy grasshoppers.
Yield
Nearly 50 percent of the farmers harvesting 2.1 in order to 3.5 q /kanal
Less when compared with 50 percent involving the particular farmers enjoying 2.1 to be able to 3.5 q/kanal
Two next farmers harvesting 2.1 to 3.5 q/kanal
Only one fourth of the farmers cropping 2.1 for you to 3.5 q/ kanal
The assure for each kanal may be amplified in the demo involving methodical cultivation involving paddy under waters logged conditions with each village.
2
Maize
Grown local options less than rainfed circumstances when livestock fodder or perhaps blended by using Rajmash
One fourth of the farmers increasing maize below rainfed conditions
Two 3 rd on the farmers developing maize underneath rainfed conditions
Less as compared with one particular next belonging to the farmers rising maize within rainfed conditions
One next of the farmers developing maize under rainfed conditions
High yielding (for materials plus fodder) and also decreased normal water prerequisite varieties should possibly be popularized through demonstrations and training programmes
Methods of sowing along with seed rate
One next with the farmers developing maize within rainfed problems as well as making use of seed price 1.6 for you to 3 kg/kanal
Two third of the farmers rising maize under rainfed circumstances along with applying seedling rate 1.6 for you to several kg/kanal
Less than one final belonging to the farmers expanding maize less than rainfed circumstances and applying seedling quote 1.6 to help 3 kg/kanal
One final of the farmers developing maize under rainfed ailments as well as making use of seed starting rate 1.6 that will three kg/kanal
FLD system on maize farming may possibly always be done in every village. Emphasis often be presented on encouraged seed starting rate
Fertilizer application (Use of NPK fertilizers)
None on the farmer applying every fertilizer
None from the character using every fertilizer
Few farmers (8%) using fertilizers
None of the farmer applying any fertilizer
Awareness should always be established to be able to employ recommended serving connected with fertilizers through FLDs
Plant safeguard measures
Although dilemma regarding originate borer and leaf sheath blight reported although it's unlikely that any in the plant safeguards measures taken
Although challenge associated with stem borer in addition to leaf sheath blight described but none of the place safeguards methods taken
Although issue regarding stem borer as well as leaf sheath blight announced but it's unlikely that any of that plant security measures taken
Although dilemma of stem borer as well as leaf sheath blight reported nonetheless none from the plant defense measures taken
Integrated Pest Management about Maize might be introduced.
Yield
Maize is mostly grown when fodder nevertheless feed provide through 50 kg that will couple of q /kanal is reported
Maize is usually harvested when fodder however materials produce through 50 kg in order to 2 q /kanal is definitely reported
Maize is definitely commonly developed since fodder even so materials yield from 50 kg to help only two q /kanal is reported
Maize is generally become while fodder even so grain yield out of 50 kg for you to 2 queen /kanal is reported
Technology based on farmers reassurance throughout getting combined benefit can be showed around each and every village
3
Rabi Crops
Mustard,oats and also Wheat
Two third belonging to the farmers not necessarily having any rabi crop, however other just one third having oats as well as wheat pertaining to fodder purposes.
Half in the farmers not really using almost any rabi crop, nevertheless leftover one particular third taking mustard (Oilseed) as well as wheat for fodder purposes.
More compared to 50 % associated with that farmers not really having any rabi crop, on the other hand remaining 1 / 3rd acquiring oats and whole wheat intended for fodder purposes.
Two next on the farmers not acquiring just about any rabi crop, nonetheless outstanding 1 / 3 getting wheat intended for fodder purposes.
Technology to bring two bottle cropping may be proven along with improved/ brand-new fodder crop/ seed have to become supplied to get farming purposes
4
General popping pattern
Single cropping system (Monoculture) predominantly followed
In kharief generally paddy is grown when it's in rabi this derricks are waters logged as well as continues to be fellow
In kharief mainly paddy is usually grown while in rabi that fields are generally drinking water logged and continues to be fellow
In kharief mostly paddy is grown up during rabi the actual fields tend to be normal water logged and also is always fellow
In kharief largely paddy is definitely grown when it's in rabi the actual derricks are usually waters logged plus is always fellow
Technology for carrying dual cropping may perhaps be demonstrated and improved/ new fodder crop/ seed starting really should be supplied for farming purposes
B. Vegetables
1
Kharief vegetables
Growing most forms of veggies pertaining to residence utilization just (Cole, Solanaeceous, Cucurbits and other vegetables).
Two next rising greens pertaining to every day function (Kitchen gardening)
Almost all raising produce pertaining to every day reason (Kitchen gardening)
Almost most of developing vegetables for home-based purpose (Kitchen gardening)
More than Two third growing greens pertaining to household objective (Kitchen gardening)
Almost all of the farmers have their very own home gardens. So imparting instruction about kitchen area garden intended for fresh, balanced in addition to regular supply with fruit and vegetables pertaining to property consumption will probably be of important skilled dallas pest control specifically with the outlying women
Input availability (seeds, fertilizers etc.)
Just adequate
Inadequate
Just adequate
Adequate
The SHGs while in the villages can certainly consider the particular problem involving enter availability and help the actual community
Insect, pest and also disease problems (Cut worms, borers, aphids, wilt as well as blight etc.)
Nearly 1 / 2 belonging to the farmers/ growers struggling with insect, pest and disorder problem
Half from the farmers /growers dealing with insect, pest and illness problem
More in comparison with three fourth belonging to the farmers /growers confronting insect, pest plus ailment problem
Nearly all of the farmers /growers struggling with insect, pest and ailment problem
Vegetable, unwanted pests as well as ailments (like slice worms, borers plus wilt plus blight within chillies, capsicum, tomato and brinjal) are posing some sort of critical threat and also envisages conduction with IPM instruction programmes / course for park adult females as well as youth. Seed in addition to seedling treatment could possibly be popularized.
Latest polyhouse technology, seed production, away from season, post-harvest vegetable generation technologies with regard to commercial purposes.
Unknown on the farmers nevertheless largely considering training
Unknown on the farmers although generally serious about training
Unknown to the farmers however mainly keen on training
Unknown to the farmers nevertheless typically fascinated throughout training
Training system based on crops occur cucurbits by way of pollination means of girls along with plantation youth. Training in connection with commercialization and vegetable seed generation with regard to town junior plus women. Training upon submit harvest administration with village women and youth through SHGs shall lead to ladies empowerment
2
Rabi vegetables
Growing leafy, root vegetables, peas etc. on limited size owing in order to drainage system
More when compared with one half on the farmers increasing rabi produce in their cooking area gardens
Nearly two 3 rd from the farmers growing rabi veggies of their kitchen area gardens
All the particular farmers raising rabi produce of their kitchen gardens
More in comparison with a couple third on the farmers developing rabi greens of their kitchen gardens
Awareness cum education workshops with scientific cultivation involving rabi produce within the spot pertaining to girls folks especially is actually of superb importance
Inputs and latest technical know-how
More as compared to one next with the farmers experience problem connected with inputs as well as technical know-how
Less compared to one last of the farmers face problem with inputs along with techie know-how
One fourth on the farmers encounter difficulty connected with inputs plus techie know-how
More as compared to 1 / 2 with the farmers encounter challenge of inputs along with complex know-how
Vegetables along with increased water need (water loving vegetables) possibly be popularized. Training programmes pertaining to seed starting output and post-harvest technology ought to be introduced
C. Horticulture
B
Fruit Growing (Apple, Pear, Walnut etc.)
Fruit developing is usually limited in order to higher elevations, karewa lands plus a short while ago world loaded lands. Mostly orchards usually are badly handled along with going through difficulties involving insect pest diseases (Root rot, collar rot, scab, alterneria etc.), pollination, fresh fruit set, berry drop, false pruning etc. In apple and also pear orchards. Insect, pest and illness problem with walnut (walnut weevil, originate borer etc.
More when compared with 1 / 3 growing the apple company only
One 3 rd expanding apple company and walnut equally
One fourth raising almost all forms of temperate fruits
More than 1 / 3rd raising every type of fruits
Since berries expanding is not common, then again apple pear and walnut bushes in certain from the orchard were the wrong way managed inside absence with good practical know-how. To enhance the horticulture within the area, intensive training should be applied inside orchard layout, management, IPM, pruning and also training, plant propagation methods etc. to the town childhood to help develop skill inside berry way of life and also generate employment.
D. Livestock
1
Cattle (cow and draught animals)
Lack with know-how in addition to veterinary facilities concerning type improvement as well as take advantage of yield
Three fourth in the farmers rearing cattle yielding mostly 4 liters of exploit everyday for each head. Nearly half cows inhabitants cross bred
Three fourth from the farmers rearing livestock yielding mostly four liters regarding milk for each daytime every head. One last cows population cross bred
More when compared with Three last on the farmers rearing cows yielding mostly 4 liters of milk on a daily basis for each head. Half cows populace cross bred
More in comparison with 30 % with the farmers showing cows yielding typically 4 in order to 8 liters regarding take advantage of each day every head. One fourth livestock populace cross bred
Cattle parenting inside place is usually visible and nearly some next homes maintaining a single or a couple of cows yielding milk even upward to 15 liters sometimes for each day. Training programme on keep enhancement (Breed Improvement) by way of synchronization along with AI programmes.
Dosing plus vaccination, cattle diseases just like FMD, Mastitis, ecto and also endo parasites, Rinderpest etc.
More when compared with 50 percent farmers described cattle diseases since main problem
Less than one particular final farmers reported cattle health conditions when principal problem
Nearly one finally farmers noted cattle health conditions while primary problem
Negligible proportion involving farmers described cattle disorders seeing that major problem
Training programme on remedy / vaccination plus dosing versus illnesses like FMD, Mastitis in addition to endo ecto parasites (Worms, clicks as well as mites) etc.
Feeding with cattle
One third associated with farmers claimed fodder/ give food to shortages regarding cattle
None of farmers claimed fodder/ supply shortages intended for cattle
Nearly two 3 rd involving farmers reported fodder/ nourish shortages intended for cattle
None associated with farmers reported fodder/ give shortages with regard to cattle
Training plan on getting ready as well as using nicely balanced cattle rations. Introduction plus rising associated with new fodders inside the area
Willing associated with development a new dairy financial unit
None on the farmer be informed on this industrial unit
None belonging to the farmer learn about your commercial unit
None in the farmer be familiar with the particular financial unit
None with the farmer learn about that financial unit
After plant production, cows rearing are an important activity associated with the neighborhood and also must be sorted out by way of advancement associated with dairy gadgets and cooperatives intended for assortment and supply associated with milk.
2
Sheep/ goat rearing
Good availablility of local goats along with cross canine sheep requires breed improvement
One fifth farmers rearing goat / lambs way up for you to 6 Nos and up for every head
Half belonging to the farmers rearing goat / sheep as long as 6 Nos or even more for every head
Less as compared to a single fifth farmers parenting goat / sheep up to 6 Nos or maybe more per head
Less as compared to just one fifty percent farmers showing goat / sheep about some Nos or even more per head
Nearly one fourth from the farmers parenting goat/ sheep inside community up in order to six Nos. or even more per household. Thus promoting the particular lambs / goat parenting action as being a feasible unit for unemployed / plantation junior can be popularized.
Dosing and also vaccination
The illnesses similar to FMD, Mangitits, ft . rot, endo and ecto parasites reported.
The health conditions similar to FMD, Mangitits, foot rot, endo and ecto parasites reported.
The conditions just like FMD, Mangitits, feet rot, endo and ecto parasites reported.
The diseases for instance FMD, Mangitits, base rot, endo plus ecto parasites reported.
Sheep/ goat attention units from the communities end up being established. Training procedure upon treatment/ vaccination along with dosing resistant to the diseases prevalent in the area
Development with lambs and goat unit
None of the character learn about the particular commercial unit
None with the player be informed on that commercial unit
None of the character be informed on your business unit
None with the character be aware of that industrial unit
Promoting that lambs as well as goat rearing pastime upon Establishment regarding lambs / goat product regarding employment and profits new release with regard to rural young ones plus women.
3
Poultry keeping
Keeping regarding exclusively couple of nearby parrots per residence regarding every day purposes
Three next associated with your farmers always keeping three or more in order to some community chickens per household
Less when compared with some fourth on the farmers preserving three or more for you to 6 local parrots each household
More than a few final in the farmers keeping a few to 6 neighborhood gulls each household
More when compared with three next on the farmers keeping three to a few community creatures per household
Introduction connected with garden chicken using increased / new particular breed of dog (Vonraja) regarding professional purposes through women of all ages SHGs involving the region might be encouraged.
More chicken death rate due to poultry conditions (Cocidiosis, Ranikhet etc.)
One half farmers facing disease difficulty in chicken keeping
One 50 percent farmers dealing with disease problem throughout chicken keeping
One one half farmers going through ailment problem with chicken keeping
All the farmers struggling with condition issue throughout poultry keeping
Organization with training shows on logical poultry preserving and control associated with conditions similar to Ranikhet, Cocidiosis etc.
E. Allied activities
Handicrafts
Prominent throughout handicraft pursuits
