STRATEGIC RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PLAN USING
PARTICIPARTORY RURAL APPRAISAL
FOR
TEHSIL SUMBAL SONAWARI (BANDIPORA)
FROM
19th – 28th, JUNE 2008.
I. INTRODUCTION
Sumbal Sonawari will be among the list of Tehsil connected with region Bandipora erstwhile area Baramulla Kashmir. Sumbal is situated 34013’ N in addition to 74037’ E with an average altitude of 5178 paws (1578.25 meter) over signify sea level. The District Bandipora is usually having a few Tehsils viz. Bandiopa, Gurez and Sumbal Sonawari which includes a total society regarding 306511 persons comprising of 158754 males and 147757 females. Out from the complete populace of the region Bandipora the tehsil Sumbal Sonawari is usually having inhabitants involving 149013 folks comprising 76411 males as well as 72602 females. The center Bandipora contains 53 Panchyat halqas by using 200 villages away from which will 12 Panchayat Halqas with 51 communities drop with Block Sumbal regarding tehsil Sonawari.
The Bandipora centre is actually surrounded simply by Kupwara in the West, Baramulla in the South, Kargil, Srinagar in addition to Ganderbal from the East and also LoC while in the North. The area possesses severe frosty local weather in winter season and a pleasant temperature with summer. Each part of your region encounters snowfall in the course of winter. Road that will Gurez stays closed during winter weather because of snowfall. Average twelve-monthly rain fall in District Bandipora has been documented when 589 mm having something like 82 bitter days.
Tehsil Sumbal Sonwari located in the actual South of Bandipora obtaining mixed topography viz. plains, karewas, hillocks, and marshy lands, plus water bodies. This style of topography usually helps make the location prone to overflow at the same time for you to drought conditions. The cultivable locations usually are fertile largely abundant in clay as well as silt. The river Jehlam and Sindh moving over the area will serve when primary way to obtain irrigation. At the majority of the sites this mineral water is usually raised from the pushes along with sent out through irrigation canals. The higher clay-based content creates soils very free when wet and very difficult when dry.
The town women and farm youths were mostly determined employed in generation associated with handicrafts such as new carpet making, shawl making, embroidery etc. and pretty much each one household had been working with a new carpet weaving unit.The individuals largely belong to small income groupings plus are generally economically backward. The scenario gets further aggravated due to low productivity, unemployment/ underemployment, deficiency of connecting along with basic facilities for instance instruction and also health. Majority on the people today put up with malnutrition along with under eating plan plus the worst type of hit group will be youngsters in addition to women. The chance for you to health risks is apprehended because of poor hygienic conditions, hazardous standard water services etc.
To alleviate poverty in the area Govt. Departments, Institutions, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) as well as allied agencies usually are working hard to boost this production as well as productivity, crank out recruitment as well as improve the living conditions by means of their own progammes and activities. It is within this kind of connection, any particular one this sort of NGO specifically Indo Global Social Service Society (IGSSS) approached towards the University through Directorate with Extension Education with regard to developing SREP along with running of will need based trainings on agriculture plus allied fields. The NGO has been chaotic with business of Self Help Groups (SHGs) among the list of women individuals with the region to get tiny capital comforts and ultimately girls empowerment.
Director Extension Education/ SMAETI, Prof. G.M. Wani appreciatandmediately constituted a workforce of experts/ exceptional from this Directorate to hold this assignment systematically applying Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) technique from 19th June 2008 that will 28th June 2008 inside by now diagnosed villages on the IGSSS. The total work has been maintained plus conducted effortlessly with a new mandate mode approach within the timetabled moment throughout the effective coordination as well as participation belonging to the specialists plus your NGO personnel.
II.METHODOLOGY
In purchase to arrange Strategic Research Extension Plan (SREP) for any community viz Sumbal Sonawari in the desired time period agenda PRA method has been utilized to collect this responses from the villagers. This incorporated employing with pre-tested occupation interview schedules, relationships meetings, transect-walks, participatory statement methods, farm and also property appointments in addition to conversation etc. around your good planned way coming from 19th June 2008 to 28th June 2008 inside the selected villages.
The company deputed for your function made up of connected with scientists/ gurus from Extension Education, Agronomy, Soil Science, Plant security and Olericulture from the Directorate in addition to SKUAST-K divisions. The crew was as well assisted by simply State Coordinator plus Project Supervisors connected with IGSSS throughout rewards with do-it-yourself help organizations along with villagers at large along with very good food with the team. The PRA was done in a methodical manner through observation involving pursuing steps:
Preparation associated with job interview schedule along with it's use
After pre-testing plus additionally accomplishment belonging to the schedule, the PRA ended up being effectively conducted.Rapport building
In obtain to have a simple thought concerning that whole village resources, ecology, wants connected with harvesting group along with prospects etc. just before make a strategy pertaining to PRA, that staff visited this workplace regarding IGSSS during Inderkot village connected with Sumbal Sonawari. Immediately soon after an interaction reaching considering the scientists, authorities associated with IGSSS plus farmers associated with your town especially women self applied assistance categories some important information appeared to be gathered within the over aspects.
This interaction meeting was in addition very helpful throughout deciding that package with function inside the identified villages to get PRA. In every village, farmers/ plantation ladies in addition to youths gathered while in the central sites belonging to the villages in addition to were ingested straight into self-assurance through casual discussions.
The results in the first discussion interacting with appeared to be these that will them eased this connection building inside discovered communities throughout the trying to play associated with folk songs, idioms, proverbs plus praying etc. In a symptom some ideas regarding their program succeeds were floated along with sold by which their own ultimate talks diverted them for the producing and allied concerns for further improvement.
Identification connected with Villages to get PRA
The villages revealed because of the IGSSS were chosen when adviser areas to prepare SREP for your Sumbal tehsil in addition to keeping that in mind PRA was executed around them. In that way, that villages to get PRA have been Inderkot, Ganastan, Gund Ibrahim and also Tregam regarding Sumbal Sonawari tehsil. Since this tehsil is catagorized with temperate agro climatic zoom plus each of the selected villages have got almost even Agro Eco Situations (AES). The decided on towns exclusively be different for the level regarding various challenges and facilities.
Transect Walks
Each decided on whole village has been visited down to agenda along with first palm info on the actual topography, location, herbal resources, demography, cropping patterns, vegetation, livestock and allied socio-economic activities were being accumulated as a result of the use of meeting schedule as well as town transect walks. These walks were welcome by simply that villagers they usually preferred to share their data in addition to experiences together with the actual scientists/ experts.
Mappings
At the completed of every transect stroll plus relationship achieving inside selected villages, that farmers were required that will pull the particular resource map with their towns on drawing sheets. This exercise seemed to be really inventive and exciting for that villagers along with intended for the different participants.
Wealth Ranking
Wealth position has been done simply by direct plus roundabout asking yourself in the villagers/farmers with the actual time frame of gross income/month/household without having aching their sentiments. In just about every whole village that farmers/villagers were classified because Low, Medium in addition to High revenue class farmers. The farmers/ villagers were ultimately defined as resource and resource rich. The number of learning resource weak villagers is definitely exceeding beyond the useful resource full of each village.
Existing Farming Systems
To determine the particular producing systems throughout every single small town various enterprises viz. growing regarding crops, fruits, vegetables, parenting with cattle, sheep, goat, poultry, sericulture and also other harvesting routines along along with their own contribution currently being followed have been analyzed in addition to identified . These systems somewhat change reported by small degree agro-eco situations.
Gap Analysis
This has been accomplished by creating ratings among the particular recommended plans and current procedures as well as farmers/villagers. The precise reasons why you are the spaces ended up analysed plus the farmers urged to recommend homework and also extendable techniques regarding filling like gaps. While planning your SREP exceptional focus will be paid for neighborhood youth and adult females to build recruitment and income as a result of imparting with trainings within many agro-vocations.
III.GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SELECTED VILLAGES AND THEIR SREP
Inderkot Village
Inderkot village connected with Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil is definitely spread above an area connected with regarding 150 hectares with land. More as compared to 100 hectares are irrigated and left over seeing that un-irrigated and also rainfed. Water is usually heightened from the Jehlum by means of irrigation canals through send sets. Paddy is actually grown under drinking water logged disorders along with largely solo cropping pattern can be followed. Nearly 10 hectares connected with land appeared to be claimed under orchards.
Inderkot includes eleven patis (hamlets), specifically Chana-mohalla, Sadat-mohalla, Gunzri-mohalla, Bana-mohalla, Munz-mohalla, Sonabar and Murtazabad. The village is definitely owning nine hundred families with a population of 5500 persons, out of which 3000 are usually males and 2500 females. Besides farming, carpet making is actually a different cause of income. Almost each one household is actually having a crossbred cow, 2-3 sheep/goat as well as 5-6 nearby chicken birds.
The town is acquiring just one middle school, just one major school, 2 EGS, several SSA as well as three Anganwari centers. In addition, two do-it-yourself assistance sets (2 SHGs), namely Karwane - Zainab and Himayat tend to be productive below IGSS utilizing focus on new carpet weaving, needle work, pashmina spinning, cow and/ goat parenting and vegetable growing.
The more analysis on the data revealed your following: -
Income Groups
S.No
Income in Rupees/Month
Level involving Income Group
No associated with Households
Percentage with Households
1
Up to 6000
Lower
342
38.00
2
6001-12000
Middle
522
58.00
3
12001 & Above
High
36
04.00
Total
900
100.00
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No with Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
621
69.00
2
Resource Rich
279
31.00
Total
900
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. regarding households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
571
63.4
2
Horticulture
7
0.8
3
Olericulture
14
1.5
4
Animal Husbandry
338
37.5
5
Sheep Husbandry
309
34.2
6
Poultry Keeping
23
2.5
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
11
1.2
8
Handloom
435
48.3
9
Embroidery
144
16
10
Others
383
42.5
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. with households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Poultry keeping
310
35
2.
Animal Husbandry + Sheep/ Goat + Horticulture
217
24
3.
Sheep/ Goat + Poultry Keeping + Agriculture
301
33
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
72
8.0
Total
900
100
Contribution of Various Enterprises
S. No
Name of Enterprises
No associated with Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
369
41
2
Sheep Husbandry
171
19
3
Animal Husbandry
108
12
4
Vegetable
27
3
5
Fruits
9
1
6
Poultry Keeping
18
2
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
198
22
Total
900
100
Gund Ibrahim Village
The hamlet is having a region involving regarding 160 ha associated with land outside of which usually 120 ha are generally irrigated as well as leftover while unirrigated or rainded. Paddy and maize are grown in Kharif along with Sarson around Rabi using some lands. More than 15 ha connected with stretch of land is needed with regard to orchard and veggie cultivation. The village is actually having related to 275 families which has a entire society with related to 2500 men and women comprising of 1500 adult men along with a thousand females. The most important solutions of irrigation tend to be lift irrigation from Sukhnal, Trazpora Nallah so are likewise termed as Trukulbal.
Resources
Income Groups
S.No
Income around Rupees/Month
Level of Income Group
No with Households
Percentage involving Households
1
Up to 6000
Lower
43
16
2
6001-12000
Middle
215
78
3
12001 & Above
High
17
06
Total
275
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No regarding Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
154
56
2
Resource Rich
121
44
Total
275
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. of households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
160
58
2
Horticulture
14
5
3
Olericulture
11
4
4
Animal Husbandry
66
24
5
Sheep Husbandry
83
30
6
Poultry Keeping
28
10
7
Handloom
105
38
8
Embroidery
8
3
9
Services
6
2
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. of households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Vegetable + Poultry keeping
127
46
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Animal Husbandry +Agriculture + Poultry keeping
66
24
3.
Animal Husbandry + Agriculture + Horticulture + Poultry
49
18
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
33
12
Total
275
100
Contribution regarding Various Enterprises
S. No
Name regarding Enterprises
No with Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
111
40
2
Horticulture
3
1
3
Vegetable
2
1
4
Animal Husbandry
50
18
5
Sheep Husbandry
56
20
6
Poultry Keeping
2
1
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
7
3
8
Handloom (Carpet Making)
44
16
Total
275
100
Ganastan Village
Ganastan commune involving Sumbal Tehsil is usually made up of connected with some Paties (hamlets) specifically – Khanpet, Ganastan, Checki, Goonchipora along with Rukh mohalla. It will be owning with regards to 420 households that has a complete population of 3200 persons, outside of which often 1920 are adult males and 1280 females. The town will be expanded to a location connected with 400 hectares, outside which 300 hectares are generally irrigated plus a hundred hectares because unirrigated along with rainfed. About 100 hectares regarding land will be put less than orchard and also vegetables. Paddy along with maize are usually harvested with Kharief as well as wheat, oat plus Sarson developed inside Rabi.
The whole village is given just one each one large school, Angan Wari Center, place office, ECGS, SSA, Cooperative society, Unani Dispensary along with lambs center. The numerous routines frequently toted within the small town includes growing regarding crops, cattle rearing, sheep and also goat rearing plus floor covering producing etc. a couple do-it-yourself support groups namely Usman plus Ummar Groups under IGSSS will be at this time serving in Sozni work plus preferred that will divert pertaining to agricultural and alternative valuation addition activities.
Income Groups
S.No
Income in Rupees/Month
Level with Income Group
No of Households
Percentage with Households
1
Up for you to 6000
Lower
82
19
2
6001-12000
Middle
188
45
3
12001 & Above
High
150
36
Total
420
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No with Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
305
72
2
Resource Rich
115
28
Total
420
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. involving households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
294
70
2
Horticulture
23
5
3
Olericulture
288
69
4
Animal Husbandry
198
47
5
Sheep Husbandry
201
48
6
Poultry Keeping
150
36
7
Sericulture
48
11
8
Handloom
223
53
9
Embroidery
80
19
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. regarding households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Horticulture + Animal Husbandry
154
36
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Agriculture + Sericulture
130
31
3.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Sheep / Goat + Poultry Keeping
104
25
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
32
8
Total
420
100
Contribution associated with Various Enterprises
S. No
Name with Enterprises
No associated with Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
229
54
2
Horticulture
21
5
3
Olericulture
34
8
4
Animal Husbandry
28
7
5
Sheep Husbandry
43
10
6
Poultry Keeping
12
3
7
Sericulture
12
3
8
Handloom
38
9
Embroidery
3
1
Total
420
100
Tregam Village
Tregam hamlet regarding Tehsil Sonawari is made of Paties (helmets) like Odina, Malikpora, Mallapora and Parraypora multiply through a space of with regards to 15 ha of land, from which in turn 10 ha is irrigated and majority is actually unirrigated as well as rainfed. The whole village is usually acquiring virtually 350 loved ones which includes a full society of 3261 persons. The male in addition to womans population documented will be 1655 along with 1605 respectively. The small town will be presented using four schools, one SSA as well as a veterinary center. The water is definitely elevated from the push models through Kawasoo gauge in addition to Badi Numble.
The cultivable spot is put under paddy, maize, rajmash as well as veggies in kharief in addition to peas along with oats in rabi. Only several ha with property is definitely under orchards. Livestock society includes 250 cattle, and about 2 hundred sheep/goat. Almost each one family will be acquiring 5-7 regional chicken birds. The small town is additionally acquiring one poultry farm.
Two home help groups namely Kirmani and Gulshan under IGSSS tend to be effective with regard to various salary generating things to do like needle work, carpet weaving as well as goat/ sheep showing etc. These categories are usually good linked using numerous progress firms with the area. The further more research discloses as under:
Income Groups
S.No
Income inside Rupees/Month
Level involving Income Group
No regarding Households
Percentage involving Households
1
Up in order to 6000
Lower
60
17
2
6001-12000
Middle
130
37
3
12001 & Above
High
160
46
Total
350
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No associated with Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
220
63
2
Resource Rich
130
37
Total
350
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. of households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
220
63
2
Horticulture
55
16
3
Olericulture
58
17
4
Animal Husbandry
38
11
5
Sheep Husbandry
43
12
6
Poultry Keeping
215
61
7
Sericulture
45
13
8
Handloom
80
23
9
Services
10
3
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. with households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Horticulture + Poultry Keeping
195
56
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Animal Husbandry + Agriculture + Poultry Keeping
85
24
3.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Sericulture + Poultry Keeping
60
17
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
10
3
Total
350
100
Contribution associated with Various Enterprises
S. No
Name associated with Enterprises
No of Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
148
42
2
Horticulture
8
2
3
Olericulture
22
6
4
Animal Husbandry
32
9
5
Sheep/ Goat Husbandry
44
13
6
Poultry Keeping
14
4
7
Sericulture
10
3
8
Handloom
62
18
Services
10
3
Total
350
100
IV. Selected communities with Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil for a Glance (Facts along with figures)
N = 46
1
Age (Yrs)
upto 20
21-35
36-50
51 & above
Total
No./%age
2 (4.3)
10 (21.7)
27 (58.7)
7 (15.2)
46 (100)
2
Education
Illiterate
Primary
Middle
Matric
Graduate & above
Total
No./%age
24 (52.2)
5 (10.9)
9 (19.6)
6 (13.0)
2 (4.3)
46 (100)
3
Family size
upto 4 associates (small)
5-8 people (medium0
9 & above (composite)
No./%age
2 (4.3)
23 (50)
21 (45.7)
46 (100)
4
Occupation
Farming
Business
Services
More than one
Total
No/%age
18(39.1)
4(8.7)
2(4.3)
22(47.8)
46(100)
5
Income(Rs)/ Month /head
Upto 6000(Low)
6001-12000(Medium)
12001 & Above(High)
Total
No/%age
22(47.8)
14(30.5)
10(21.7)
46(100)
6
Land Holding(Size) in Kanals
Upto 5
5.1-10
10.1-15
15.1 & Above
Landless
Total
No/%age
12(26.1)
14(30.4)
11(23.9)
8(17.4)
1(2.2)
46(100)
7
Source connected with Information (Persons)
Family Member
Relative
Neighbour
Friends
Village Head
Total
No/%age
25(54.3)
6(13.0)
6(13.0)
3(6.5)
6(13.0)
46(100)
(Officers)
VEW
AEO
HDO
NGO
U.Scientists
None
Total
No/%age
14(30.4)
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
9(19.6)
5(10.9)
16(34.8)
46(100)
(Media)
Radio
TV
Radio & TV
Newspapers
All
None
Total
No/%age
7(15.2)
7(15.2)
24(52.2)
2(4.3)
5(10.9)
1(2.2)
46(100)
8
Frequency associated with Visits/ Offices
Weekly
Fortnightly
Monthly
Seasonally
Never
Total
Dev. Department.
1(2.2)
3(6.5)
3(6.5)
8(17.4)
31(67.4)
46(100)
ATIC
-
-
2(4.3)
4(8.7)
40(87.0)
46(100)
KVK
-
-
-
1(2.2)
45(97.8)
46(100)
Research Stn.
-
-
-
2(4.3)
44(95.7)
46(100)
Univ. HQ
-
-
-
10(21.7)
36(78.3)
46(100)
9
Adoption with Technology
Paddy Crop
Varieties
Local
Improved
Latest
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
21(45.7)
13(28.3)
7(15.2)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Seed Rate(Kgs/Kanal)
Upto 3
3.1 – 4
4.1 & Above
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
5(10.9)
31(67.4)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Plants/Hill
5-8
More as compared to 8
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
22(47.8)
19(41.3)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Fertilizer Application
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
12(26.1)
26(56.5)
3(6.5)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Plant Protection
Use associated with Weedicides
Use of Fungicide/Insecticide
Use of in excess of one
None regarding Chemicals
Not Applicable
Total
No/$age
15(32.6)
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
24(52.2)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Yield/Kanal(Qtls.)
Upto 2
2.1-3.5
More when compared with 3.5
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
18(39.1)
14(30.4)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
Natural Proneness
All Types of Problems
None from the Problems
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
8(17.4)
3(6.5)
14(30.4)
3(6.5)
5(10.9)
46(100)
10
Maize Crop
Varieties
Local
Improved
Latest
None
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
3(6.5)
2(4.3)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Seed Rate Kgs/Kanal
Upto 1.5
1.6-3.0
More than 3
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
6(13.0)
5(10.9)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Fertilizer Application
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
5(10.9)
8(17.4)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Plant Protection
Applying insecticide etc.
Not Applying virtually any Chemical
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
13(28.3)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Yield/Kanal (Qtls.)
Upto 1
1.1-2.0
More in comparison with 2
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
6(13.0)
3(6.5)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
Natural Proneness
None associated with Problems
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
3(6.5)
4(8.7)
4(8.7)
32(60.6)
46(100)
11
Rabi Crops Grown
Sarson/Mustard
Oats
Wheat
More in comparison with one
None of Crops
Total
No/%age
2(4.3)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
9(19.6)
28(60.9)
46(100)
12
Kharif Vegetables Grown
More in comparison with One
None
Total
No/%age
39(84.8)
7(15.2)
46(100)
13
Rabi Vegetables Grown
More in comparison with One
None
Total
No/%age
35(76.1)
11(23.9)
46(100)
14
Vegetable Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
All Types
None
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
16(34.8)
13(28.3)
12(26.1)
46(100)
15
Fruit Orchard
Apple
Walnut
Mixed
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
2(4.3)
2(4.3)
31(67.4)
46(100)
16
Apple Varieties
Local
Commercial
Mixed
None
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
10(21.7)
2(4.3)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Orchard Age(Yrs.)
upto-5 (New)
5.1-15 (Young)
15.1-30 & More (Old)
None
Total
No/%age
6(13.0)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Training & Pruning
Yes
No
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
7(15.2)
6((13.0)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Fertilizer Applications
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
2(4.3)
7(15.2)
4(8.7)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Apple Problems
Pollination
Diseases/Pests
Fertilizer application
More than a single Problem
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
8(17.4)
1(2.2)
3(6.5)
33(71.7)
46(100)
17
Cattle Rearing Breed
Local
Crossbred
Both(L&C)
None
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
18(39.1)
2(4.3)
13(28.3)
46(100)
No/Household
None
Upto 2
More as compared with 2
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
29(63.0)
4(8.7)
46(100)
Milk Yield/H/D (Litres)
Upto four (Low)
4.1 – 8.0 (Medium)
8.1 – 15.0 (High)
Nil
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
17(37.0)
5(10.9)
15(32.6)
46(100)
Cattle Problem
Feeding
Diseases
Vet.Facilities
None
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
25(54.3)
3(6.5)
15(32.6)
46(100)
18
Sheep/Goat Rearing Breed
Local/Improved
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
35(76.1)
46(100)
No/Household
None
Upto- 2
3 - 6
More as compared with 6
Total
No/%age
35(76.1)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
4(8.7)
46(100)
Sheep/Goat Problem
Diseases
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
35(76.1)
46(100)
19
Poultry Keeping Breed
Local
Improved
None
Total
No/%age
36(78.3)
1(2.2)
9(19.6)
46(100)
Birds/Household
None
Upto-2
3-6
More when compared with 6
Total
No/%age
10(21.7)
3(6.5)
11(23.9)
22(47.8)
46(100)
Poultry Problems
Feeding
Housing
Diseases
None
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
27(58.7)
17(37.0)
46(100)
IV. Gap Analysis and Proposed Extension Training Strategy/ Action Plan for the Representative Villages involving Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil
S. No
Enterprise/ Package Item
Existing situation/ problem
Village-wise level connected with your situation / problem
Recommended programme/ activity package for Sumbal Sonawari area
Inderkot
Gundibrahim
Ganastan
Tregam
A. Agriculture (Crops)
1
Paddy cultivation
Growing paddy mainly under waterlogged conditions
Severe waterlogged conditions
Less waterlogged
Mild waterlogged
Severe waterlogged
Introduction regarding Technology for paddy farming inside waterlogged area through investigation as well as demonstration.
More utilization of neighborhood plus old cultivars associated with paddy (Nikchina, Safed China, Roosi, China 1007 etc.)
More in comparison with one third associated with spot less than local plus traditional varieties
Half in the place beneath local and standard varieties
One third regarding region below neighborhood and also standard varieties
Three final area below nearby along with common varieties
Replacement associated with paddy versions by improved plus new versions for example China 1039, K39, Jehlum plus Shalimar rice 1, through FLD process as well as seed starting village growth concept
Paddy spot naturally prone to water logging stress conditions
Due for you to faulty along with intermittent water supply system
Due that will flawed plus unnatural drinking water submission system
Due that will flawed and infrequent waters supply system
Due to faulty plus intermittent waters submitter system
Fair as well as only water syndication needs the development of drinking water harvesting technologies plus much more normal water weightlifting areas along with canals
Using higher seed rates (more as compared with 60-80 kg /ha)
Two next in the farmers using higher seed rate when compared with recommended
More as compared with two next farmers using higher seed starting charge as compared to recommended
Nearly two third farmer applying higher seedling charge as compared to recommended
Half in the farmers making use of bigger seed charge as compared to recommended
Awareness education workshops can be helpful to relieve your seed charges as a result of improved nursery management
Transplanting procedure applying additional plant for every hill (Above seven plant per hill)
More than 1 / 3rd farmers applying on top of eight seedlings each hill
Less as compared to one third utilizing over 8-10 seedlings for every hill
One 3 rd using earlier mentioned 8 seedling per hill
Two finally farmers employing above 8 seedling per hill
Mortality with seedlings need to be minimized using much better seed, appropriate seed starting cure in addition to way of using crops with the off-road ball.
Fertilizer practical application (Use involving NPK fertilizers)
Nearly half with the farmers using each of the three fertilizers majority are utilising sometimes NP associated with N only
More than about three fourth utilizing just a few job application i.e. NP or perhaps N only
Nearly two lastly farmers implementing Partial application i.e. NP or N only
Half from the farmers making use of Partial application i.e NP or N only
Awareness cum demonstration with make use of much better seed plus balanced fertilizers through FLD as well as OFT programmes
Plant protection measures
More than half of the player utilizing weedicide in addition to only five percentage using insecticide/ fungicides
More compared to 15 per cent farmers making use of weedicide only
One fourth belonging to the farmers making use of weedicide plus more compared to 8% are employing fungicide
None in the farmers utilizing any grow crops protection measure
Conducting involving instruction workshops associated with dope control, blast management along with paddy grasshoppers.
Yield
Nearly 50 percent in the farmers working 2.1 to help 3.5 q /kanal
Less compared to half from the farmers working 2.1 to 3.5 q/kanal
Two third farmers farming 2.1 to be able to 3.5 q/kanal
Only a single fourth regarding the farmers cropping 2.1 to 3.5 q/ kanal
The promise for every kanal is usually elevated throughout the demonstration with logical cultivation regarding paddy less than drinking water logged conditions within just about every village.
2
Maize
Grown local varieties within rainfed problems as livestock fodder as well as blended together with Rajmash
One fourth connected with the farmers raising maize underneath rainfed conditions
Two third with the farmers raising maize under rainfed conditions
Less than one particular last on the farmers expanding maize within rainfed conditions
One fourth from the farmers expanding maize within rainfed conditions
High yielding (for grain and fodder) and also reduced drinking water necessitie varieties should be popularized through demonstrations plus training programmes
Methods with sowing as well as seedling rate
One fourth on the farmers rising maize below rainfed problems in addition to implementing seed price 1.6 that will three kg/kanal
Two next on the farmers increasing maize under rainfed circumstances along with using seed starting price 1.6 in order to three kg/kanal
Less compared to one fourth belonging to the farmers raising maize underneath rainfed ailments and also using seed rate 1.6 to be able to a few kg/kanal
One final belonging to the farmers raising maize under rainfed problems along with applying seedling quote 1.6 in order to three or more kg/kanal
FLD plan about maize cultivation might be carried out around each one village. Emphasis be provided on suggested seedling rate
Fertilizer practical application (Use with NPK fertilizers)
None belonging to the character employing every fertilizer
None on the player implementing any fertilizer
Few farmers (8%) making use of fertilizers
None of the player using any fertilizer
Awareness need to be developed to utilize advised dose involving fertilizers through FLDs
Plant security measures
Although difficulty connected with stem borer and also leaf sheath blight claimed nonetheless it's unlikely that any in the plant safeguard options taken
Although trouble regarding leaves borer as well as leaf sheath blight announced however probably none from the seed safeguards steps taken
Although problem of originate borer and also leaf sheath blight noted although probably none belonging to the plant safeguard actions taken
Although problem of come borer and leaf sheath blight announced but nothing from the place protection measures taken
Integrated Pest Management with Maize may perhaps be introduced.
Yield
Maize is mostly grown up seeing that fodder even so materials give through 50 kg to 2 q /kanal is reported
Maize is mostly grown up as fodder nevertheless feed yield through 50 kg in order to 2 queen /kanal is reported
Maize is actually generally grown when fodder nonetheless grain produce from 50 kg in order to a couple of q /kanal can be reported
Maize is normally harvested as fodder on the other hand materials yield from 50 kg for you to only two q /kanal is reported
Technology related to farmers encouragement within getting joint gain may be demonstrated in each village
3
Rabi Crops
Mustard,oats as well as Wheat
Two lastly of the farmers not getting any rabi crop, nevertheless outstanding one 3 rd having oats as well as whole wheat for fodder purposes.
Half in the farmers possibly not using every rabi crop, however remaining one third getting mustard (Oilseed) and whole wheat for fodder purposes.
More as compared with half connected with the actual farmers not using any kind of rabi crop, then again other 1 / 3 taking oats in addition to whole wheat to get fodder purposes.
Two third of this farmers certainly not acquiring any rabi crop, then again remaining one finally acquiring whole wheat intended for fodder purposes.
Technology for taking two bottle popping could possibly be confirmed and also improved/ different fodder crop/ seed must be supplied pertaining to cultivation purposes
4
General cropping pattern
Single cropping system (Monoculture) mainly followed
In kharief primarily paddy will be become when it's in rabi the fields are generally water logged as well as stays fellow
In kharief mainly paddy can be produced during rabi your derricks are waters logged in addition to continues to be fellow
In kharief generally paddy is harvested whilst in rabi the actual career fields are mineral water logged along with remains fellow
In kharief mostly paddy is definitely grown up although with rabi the actual fields are generally waters logged plus stays fellow
Technology to look at double cropping could possibly be exhibited and improved/ new fodder crop/ seed ought to be presented pertaining to cultivation purposes
B. Vegetables
1
Kharief vegetables
Growing most different types of produce to get house ingestion simply (Cole, Solanaeceous, Cucurbits along with other vegetables).
Two next raising greens to get every day purpose (Kitchen gardening)
Almost most of growing vegetables for home-based goal (Kitchen gardening)
Almost most developing veggies with regard to household purpose (Kitchen gardening)
More when compared with Two next rising vegetables for home intent (Kitchen gardening)
Almost every one of the farmers possess their own kitchen gardens. So providing instruction on cooking area back garden for fresh, healthy in addition to usual method of getting produce for dwelling intake will likely to be of vital relevance specially with the rural women
Input availability (seeds, fertilizers etc.)
Just adequate
Inadequate
Just adequate
Adequate
The SHGs within the villages normally takes the challenge involving input availability as well as facilitate that community
Insect, pest and sickness problems (Cut worms, borers, aphids, wilt and blight etc.)
Nearly 50 percent regarding that farmers/ growers experiencing insect, pest plus illness problem
Half with the farmers /growers going through insect, pest and disease problem
More than several last with the farmers /growers facing insect, pest and illness problem
Nearly many of the farmers /growers facing insect, pest and sickness problem
Vegetable, pests along with illnesses (like lower worms, borers in addition to wilt and also blight in chillies, capsicum, tomato and brinjal) are generally posing a significant hazard as well as envisages conduction regarding IPM teaching workshops / course with regard to farm women in addition to youth. Seed and seedling remedy could possibly be popularized.
Latest polyhouse technology, seedling production, away season, post-harvest vegetable manufacturing technologies for private purposes.
Unknown for the farmers although mostly enthusiastic about training
Unknown towards farmers nonetheless mostly serious about training
Unknown in order to the actual farmers but largely involved inside training
Unknown towards the farmers but primarily enthusiastic about training
Training programme regarding berries occur cucurbits by means of pollination means of women of all ages and town youth. Training linked to commercialization and plant seedling generation for park youth in addition to women. Training on publish harvest management involving town adult females and also young ones by means of SHGs should certainly result in ladies empowerment
2
Rabi vegetables
Growing leafy, actual vegetables, peas etc. on confined range expected to drainage system
More compared to one half with the farmers growing rabi vegetables within their kitchen gardens
Nearly a couple finally in the farmers expanding rabi greens of their kitchen gardens
All the actual farmers increasing rabi fruit and vegetables for their home gardens
More when compared with not one but two third on the farmers growing rabi vegetables of their home gardens
Awareness ejaculate instruction shows on logical cultivation associated with rabi vegetables and fruits inside place for adult females people especially is actually of good importance
Inputs along with latest technical know-how
More than 1 / 3rd with the farmers encounter difficulty associated with inputs plus specialized know-how
Less than one final of the farmers face dilemma connected with inputs and also practical know-how
One last on the farmers skin challenge of inputs as well as technical know-how
More as compared with 1 / 2 in the farmers face problem regarding inputs in addition to technical know-how
Vegetables together with larger water requirement (water loving vegetables) possibly be popularized. Training programmes pertaining to seed creation and post-harvest engineering must be introduced
C. Horticulture
B
Fruit Growing (Apple, Pear, Walnut etc.)
Fruit expanding is actually restricted to better elevations, karewa countries along with a short while ago planet loaded lands. Mostly orchards are poorly managed and going through troubles involving pest pest conditions (Root rot, training collar rot, scab, alterneria etc.), pollination, fruit set, berry drop, untrue pruning etc. In apple and also pear orchards. Insect, pest and also illness problem in walnut (walnut weevil, stem borer etc.
More than 30 % growing apple mackintosh only
One third increasing apple and walnut equally
One last growing most varieties of temperate fruits
More as compared with 1 / 3rd rising different types connected with fruits
Since berry expanding just isn't common, then again apple company pear along with walnut trees and shrubs some from the orchard were poorly maintained in absence of right complex know-how. To strengthen the horticulture while in the area, strenuous education ought in orchard layout, management, IPM, pruning as well as training, grow crops dissemination procedures etc. for the village childhood to help develop proficiency throughout berries customs plus generate employment.
D. Livestock
1
Cattle (cow in addition to draught animals)
Lack connected with know-how and also veterinary facilities in relation to breed advancement in addition to dairy yield
Three last belonging to the farmers rearing cattle yielding largely several liters of milk every day each head. Nearly half cattle populace cross bred
Three final of that farmers parenting cattle yielding largely 4 liters of milk on a daily basis per head. One fourth cattle human population cross bred
More in comparison with Three final of the farmers rearing livestock yielding mostly five liters with dairy on a daily basis per head. Half livestock populace cross bred
More when compared with one third from the farmers parenting cattle yielding largely several to eight liters regarding milk everyday per head. One fourth cattle population cross bred
Cattle rearing within the spot is visible and virtually several last loved ones keeping several livestock yielding milk possibly up to 15 liters in some cases per day. Training program upon keep improvement (Breed Improvement) through synchronization plus AI programmes.
Dosing and also vaccination, livestock disorders similar to FMD, Mastitis, ecto in addition to endo parasites, Rinderpest etc.
More when compared with half farmers noted livestock health conditions as main problem
Less when compared with just one fourth farmers announced cattle disorders as main problem
Nearly a single third farmers described cattle conditions as main problem
Negligible portion connected with farmers announced cattle illnesses as main problem
Training system on remedy / vaccination as well as dosing in opposition to disorders for instance FMD, Mastitis and endo ecto parasites (Worms, ticks in addition to mites) etc.
Feeding regarding cattle
One third regarding farmers described fodder/ supply shortages to get cattle
None involving farmers announced fodder/ nourish shortages pertaining to cattle
Nearly a pair of third connected with farmers described fodder/ give shortages for cattle
None connected with farmers claimed fodder/ feed shortages for cattle
Training program on getting ready in addition to make use of sensible cattle rations. Introduction as well as developing of different fodders inside the area
Willing with development a dairy products private unit
None with the player know about that commercial unit
None of the farmer be aware of the commercial unit
None from the character be familiar with your private unit
None of your farmer know about the financial unit
After bounty production, cattle rearing are an essential hobby from the region and must be arranged through improvement involving dairy units and cooperatives pertaining to series as well as submitting of milk.
2
Sheep/ goat rearing
Good variety of local goats along with cross type sheep requirements particular breed of dog improvement
One fifth farmers rearing goat / sheep up to 6 Nos or higher per head
Half from the farmers parenting goat / sheep approximately half a dozen Nos or higher for each head
Less compared to one sixth farmers parenting goat / lambs up to 6 Nos and up for every head
Less when compared with a single half farmers showing goat / sheep in place that will 6 Nos or higher per head
Nearly one fourth belonging to the farmers showing goat/ sheep while in the place around half a dozen Nos. or more for every household. Thus promoting that lambs / goat showing activity as being a workable device regarding unemployed / farm youngsters might be popularized.
Dosing along with vaccination
The diseases such as FMD, Mangitits, foot rot, endo and ecto parasites reported.
The conditions including FMD, Mangitits, ft . rot, endo and also ecto parasites reported.
The conditions just like FMD, Mangitits, feet rot, endo plus ecto parasites reported.
The illnesses similar to FMD, Mangitits, foot rot, endo as well as ecto parasites reported.
Sheep/ goat care units inside villages be established. Training program on treatment/ vaccination and dosing resistant to the diseases widespread within the area
Development regarding lambs and goat unit
None on the player find out about the particular commercial unit
None from the character be aware of the business unit
None with the farmer be familiar with the business unit
None from the player be familiar with the actual commercial unit
Promoting the lambs as well as goat showing pastime on Establishment with sheep / goat unit intended for career in addition to income technology pertaining to rural youth plus women.
3
Poultry keeping
Keeping of solely number of local creatures for each loved ones regarding home purposes
Three last in the farmers preserving 3 to be able to 6 regional birds per household
Less in comparison with three fourth of the farmers preserving 3 to be able to 6 regional birds per household
More than three fourth in the farmers always keeping three to help half a dozen regional birds for every household
More in comparison with three fourth with the farmers maintaining a few to help some local birds every household
Introduction of back garden poultry using enhanced / new reproduce (Vonraja) to get private requirements through ladies SHGs of the spot could be encouraged.
More fowl death rate due to poultry ailments (Cocidiosis, Ranikhet etc.)
One 50 percent farmers dealing with disease dilemma around chicken keeping
One 50 percent farmers experiencing sickness dilemma in poultry keeping
One half farmers facing condition difficulty in poultry keeping
All this farmers struggling with condition issue in poultry keeping
Organization connected with instruction programmes on medical poultry trying to keep as well as handle connected with disorders like Ranikhet, Cocidiosis etc.
E. Allied activities
Handicrafts
Prominent in handicraft activities
